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# Half of top AI authors and inventors in the UK and Australia hold a PhD; in India and Brazil fewer than one in five
- URL: https://aiadoption.org/data/ai-authors-inventors-education-level/
- Published: 2026-10-19T14:41:21.000Z
- Updated: 2026-10-21T06:05:26.000Z
- Description: In 2025, 51.1% of top AI authors and inventors in the UK and 50.5% in Australia held a PhD. In India and Brazil, fewer than one in five did.
- Author: Manu
- Tags: Data, AI Jobs, #chart, #ai-index-2026, #hub-jobs

51.1%

#1 of 21

Share of top AI authors and inventors in the UK with a PhD in 2025, the highest of 21 countries; Australia 50.5%, US 42.0%

Share with a PhD

United Kingdom51.1%

Australia50.5%

United States42%

## What the chart shows

The United Kingdom (51.1%) and Australia (50.5%) have the highest share of top AI authors and inventors with a PhD, followed by Switzerland (43.6%), South Korea (42.5%) and the United States (42.0%).

In 20 of the 21 countries, PhD and master’s holders together make up the majority; Brazil (49.8%) is the exception. India has the highest share at bachelor’s level (33.8%). In nine countries, including Germany, the Netherlands and Canada, master’s holders outnumber PhDs.

## Key numbers

| Measure             | Value |
| ------------------- | ----- |
| United Kingdom, PhD | 51.1% |
| Australia, PhD      | 50.5% |
| United States, PhD  | 42.0% |
| India, PhD          | 18.5% |
| Brazil, PhD         | 18.2% |
| India, bachelor's   | 33.8% |

## How to read it

- Highest education level recorded for each person, 2025\. Bars are sorted by PhD share.
- “Other” covers qualifications outside these categories. It is large in some countries (41.9% in Brazil, 30.4% in Italy), which limits comparisons. It was much larger in early years, so we do not compare with 2010.
- China is not covered by Zeki’s data.

**Source:** [Zeki Data](https://aiadoption.org/sources/#zeki), 2025, via the AI Index Report 2026 (Stanford HAI), figure 1.8.3: *Percentage of top AI authors and inventors by education level and country, 2010–25*. Chart and text by AI Adoption.  
Numbers checked against the published data on 19 October 2026.  
[Download the data (CSV)](https://charts.aiadoption.org/ai-index/csv/ai-authors-inventors-education-level.csv?ref=aiadoption.org) · [Cite this chart](#source)