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# The best GPQA Diamond score rose from 36% in 2023 to 93% in 2025, above the 81.2% expert baseline
- URL: https://aiadoption.org/data/gpqa-diamond-top-accuracy/
- Published: 2026-10-19T15:55:23.000Z
- Updated: 2026-10-21T06:02:44.000Z
- Description: On GPQA Diamond's graduate-level science questions, the best score in Epoch AI's evaluations rose from 36% in 2023 (GPT-4) to 93% in 2025 (gemini-3-pro-preview), 11.8 points above expert validators.
- Author: Manu
- Tags: Data, AI Benchmarks, Large Language Models, #chart, #ai-index-2026, #hub-benchmarks

93%

▲ 57 pts since 2023

best mean accuracy on GPQA Diamond in 2025 (gemini-3-pro-preview), against 81.2% for expert human validators

20232025

## What the chart shows

GPQA Diamond is a set of hard, text-only science questions written so that the answers cannot easily be looked up. In Epoch AI’s evaluations the best mean accuracy rose from 36% in 2023 (GPT-4) to 77% in 2024 (o1 at high reasoning effort) and 93% in 2025 (gemini-3-pro-preview).

Expert human validators score 81.2%, so the best model of 2025 was 11.8 points above them. The report says OpenAI’s o3 already passed the expert baseline in late 2024 with 87.7%; that result is not in this data.

## Key numbers

| Measure                          | Value |
| -------------------------------- | ----- |
| 2025: gemini-3-pro-preview       | 93%   |
| 2024: o1-2024-12-17 (high)       | 77%   |
| 2023: GPT-4 (Mar 2023)           | 36%   |
| Expert human validators (report) | 81.2% |

## How to read it

- Each bar is the highest mean accuracy that year in Epoch AI’s own runs, which can differ from developers’ reported scores.
- The 81.2% expert baseline comes from the report’s chart; it is not in the data file.
- The report text cites o3 at 87.7% in late 2024; Epoch’s data gives 77% for 2024, which we use.

**Source:** [Epoch AI](https://aiadoption.org/sources/#epoch-ai), 2026, via the AI Index Report 2026 (Stanford HAI), figure 2.4.2: *GPQA on the diamond set: mean accuracy*. Chart and text by AI Adoption.  
Numbers checked against the published data on 20 October 2026.  
[Download the data (CSV)](https://charts.aiadoption.org/ai-index/csv/gpqa-diamond-top-accuracy.csv?ref=aiadoption.org) · [Cite this chart](#source)