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# Only 14 medical AI publications discussed biosecurity in 2025, up from 13 in 2024
- URL: https://aiadoption.org/data/medical-ai-biosecurity-publications/
- Published: 2026-10-19T16:35:58.000Z
- Updated: 2026-10-21T06:05:07.000Z
- Description: Only 14 medical AI publications discussed biosecurity in 2025, up from 5 in 2021, while 2,378 discussed ethics more broadly.
- Author: Manu
- Tags: Data, AI in Healthcare, #chart, #ai-index-2026, #hub-healthcare

14

▲ 7.7% vs 2024

medical AI publications that discussed biosecurity in 2025

20212025

## What the chart shows

Biosecurity, the risk that biological and medical AI tools are misused to cause harm, featured in only 14 medical AI publications in 2025, up from 13 in 2024 and 5 in 2021.

That compares with 2,378 medical AI publications that discussed ethics in 2025 ([related chart](https://aiadoption.org/data/medical-ai-ethics-publications/)). The AI Index notes that even fewer of the 14 address misuse or dual use directly, despite the attention biosecurity receives in policy debates.

## Key numbers

| Measure | Value |
| ------- | ----- |
| 2025    | 14    |
| 2024    | 13    |
| 2023    | 8     |
| 2022    | 4     |
| 2021    | 5     |

## How to read it

- Medical AI publications in PubMed Central matching biosecurity terms, as counted by RAISE Health.
- With counts this small, year-to-year changes say little.

**Source:** [RAISE Health](https://aiadoption.org/sources/#raise-health), 2026, via the AI Index Report 2026 (Stanford HAI), figure 6.4.3: *Number of medical AI and biosecurity publications, 2021–25*. Chart and text by AI Adoption.  
Numbers checked against the published data on 20 October 2026.  
[Download the data (CSV)](https://charts.aiadoption.org/ai-index/csv/medical-ai-biosecurity-publications.csv?ref=aiadoption.org) · [Cite this chart](#source)