AI Regulation & Policy
How governments regulate and fund AI: laws passed in G20 countries and US states, federal regulations and congressional hearings, international agreements, data localisation rules and public spending on AI.
Governance & Responsibility · 21 charts · 8 topics
- Source
- Stanford AI Index Report 2026
- Charts
- 21 with CSV data
- Last checked
- 20 Oct 2026
- Data
- All CSVs (zip)
150AI-related laws passed by US state legislatures in 2025, up from 132 in 2024View chart →11AI-related laws passed across G20 countries in 2025, down from 16 in 2024View chart →58AI-related regulations issued by US federal agencies in 2025; 59 in 2024View chart →37.3%Industry's share of witnesses at US congressional AI hearings in 2025View chart →$20.4BUS federal spending on AI grants, contracts and OTAs, 2013–2024View chart →$3.66BValue of public AI contracts in the European countries tracked, 2013–2024View chart →
Most new AI law is being passed below the national level. US state legislatures passed 150 AI-related laws in 2025, up from 132 in 2024 and 9 in 2020, and 416 over 2016–2025, of which California passed 62. Across G20 countries, 11 AI-related bills were passed into law in 2025, down from 16 in 2024, the highest year in the data; over the decade the United States passed 25 and South Korea 17.
Read the full overview
In Washington, regulatory activity stayed close to its 2024 level. US federal agencies issued 58 AI-related regulations in 2025, one fewer than the 59 of 2024, and the Executive Office of the President issued 28 of them, up from 5 in 2024. Congressional hearings on AI heard 102 witnesses in 2025, against 5 in 2017, and industry supplied 37.3% of witnesses, up from 13.0% in 2017–2018.
Public spending on AI has also grown. US federal agencies spent $20.4B on AI-related grants, contracts and other transaction agreements over 2013–2024, $15.9B of it through grants, and grant spending reached $5.05B in 2024, seven times its 2020 level. The Department of Defense accounted for 74.1% of contract and OTA spending in 2024. In Europe, public bodies in the countries tracked awarded $3.66B in AI contracts over 2013–2024, 44% of it in the United Kingdom.
The charts cover AI laws by country, US state AI laws, US federal AI regulations, congressional AI hearings, international AI agreements, data localisation laws, US government AI spending and European public AI contracts. They come from Stanford's AI Index Report 2026, which draws on Digital Policy Alert, the Multistate AI Legislation Tracker, the Federal Register, Congress.gov, a data localisation dataset by Ferracane and colleagues, US federal award records and EU and UK procurement data. The counts measure how many laws, rules or contracts there are, not their scope or direction, and spending is in nominal US dollars.
AI Adoption · 2026AI Statistics: the pocket guide83Free for subscribersAll 83 key numbers on two pages, with sources.Every hub's headline numbers in one PDF, ready for a board paper or a slide.Get the guide
01
AI Laws by Country
G20 countries passed 11 AI-related laws in 2025, down from 16 in 2024, the highest year in the data, and 94 over 2016–2025. The United States passed the most over the decade, 25, followed by South Korea with 17, while China, India, Canada and Argentina passed one each.
AI Laws by Country11AI-related bills passed into law across G20 countries in 2025, down from 16 in 2024G20 countries passed 11 AI-related laws in 2025, down from a high of 16 in 2024Chart · CSVView →
AI Laws by Country25AI-related bills passed into law in the US, 2016–2025, the most of any G20 countryThe US passed 25 AI-related laws in 2016–2025, the most in the G20; South Korea was next with 17Chart · CSVView →02
US State AI Laws
US state legislatures passed 150 AI-related laws in 2025, up 14% from 132 in 2024 and from 9 in 2020. Over 2016–2025 states passed 416 in total; California alone passed 62, more than twice Maryland's 28, while Missouri and Rhode Island passed none.
US State AI Laws150AI-related bills passed into law by US states in 2025, up from 132 in 2024US states passed 150 AI-related laws in 2025, up from 132 in 2024 and 9 in 2020Chart · CSVView →
US State AI Laws62AI-related bills passed into law in California, 2016–2025, the most of any state (Maryland: 28)California passed 62 AI-related state laws in 2016–2025, more than twice Maryland, the next stateChart · CSVView →03
US Federal AI Regulations
US federal agencies issued 58 AI-related regulations in 2025, one fewer than the 2024 high of 59 and up from 16 in 2022. The Executive Office of the President issued 28 of them, nearly half, up from 5 in 2024. The count includes rules that remove requirements as well as those that add them.
US Federal AI Regulations58AI-related regulations issued by US federal agencies in 2025, against 59 in 2024US federal agencies issued 58 AI-related regulations in 2025, one fewer than the 2024 high of 59Chart · CSVView →
US Federal AI Regulations28AI-related regulations issued by the Executive Office of the President in 2025, up from 5 in 2024The Executive Office of the President issued 28 AI-related regulations in 2025, up from 5 in 2024Chart · CSVView →04
Congressional AI Hearings
US congressional hearings on AI heard 102 witnesses in 2025, 20 times the 5 of 2017, though fewer than the 2023 high of 131. Industry supplied 37.3% of witnesses in 2025, up from 13.0% in 2017–2018, while government's share fell from 34.8% to 9.8%.
Congressional AI Hearings102Witnesses at US congressional AI-related hearings in 2025, up from 5 in 2017102 witnesses appeared at US congressional AI hearings in 2025, 20 times as many as in 2017Chart · CSVView →
Congressional AI Hearings37.3%Industry's share of witnesses at US congressional AI hearings in the 119th Congress (2025), up from 13.0% in the 115th (2017–2018)Industry supplied 37.3% of witnesses at US congressional AI hearings in 2025, up from 13.0% in 2017–18Chart · CSVView →
Congressional AI Hearings113Witnesses at US congressional hearings on general AI governance, 2017–2025 (House 60, Senate 53)General AI governance drew 113 witnesses to US congressional AI hearings in 2017–2025, the most of any subjectChart · CSVView →05
International AI Agreements
Only five countries, Canada, France, Germany, Italy and Japan, endorsed all eight major international AI governance initiatives recorded from 2019 to 2025. The United States and United Kingdom endorsed seven, missing the 2025 Paris AI Action Summit statement, which had the widest backing, from 42 countries and the EU. China endorsed three.
06
Data Localisation Laws
East Asia and the Pacific had 77 data localisation measures by 2024, the most of any region, followed by sub-Saharan Africa (71) and Europe and Central Asia (66); North America had 3. Across the seven regions, the number of measures rose from 124 in 2015 to 321 in 2024.
07
US Government AI Spending
US federal agencies spent $20.4B on AI-related grants, contracts and other transaction agreements over 2013–2024, $15.9B of it through grants. Grant spending reached $5.05B in 2024, seven times its 2020 level, while the Department of Defense accounted for 74.1% of contract and OTA spending that year.
US Government AI Spending$20.4BCumulative US federal spending on AI-related grants, contracts and OTAs, 2013–2024US federal AI spending reached $20.4B over 2013–2024, $15.9B of it through grantsChart · CSVView →
US Government AI Spending$5.05BUS federal spending on AI-related grants in 2024, up from $0.70B in 2020US federal AI grant spending reached $5.05B in 2024, seven times its 2020 levelChart · CSVView →
US Government AI Spending$1.1BUS federal AI contract and OTA spending in Virginia, 2013–2024, 24% of the $4.5B totalVirginia received $1.1B of US federal AI contract and OTA spending in 2013–2024, the most of any stateChart · CSVView →
US Government AI Spending$2.4BUS federal AI grant spending in California, 2013–2024, 15% of the $15.7B totalCalifornia received $2.4B in US federal AI grants in 2013–2024, the most of any stateChart · CSVView →
US Government AI Spending74.1%Department of Defense share of US federal AI contract and OTA spending in 2024, up from 51.9% in 2013The Department of Defense accounted for 74.1% of US federal AI contract and OTA spending in 2024Chart · CSVView →
US Government AI Spending41.6%Health and Human Services' share of US federal AI grant spending in 2024, up from 19.7% in 2013Health and Human Services provided 41.6% of US federal AI grant spending in 2024, double its 2013 shareChart · CSVView →08
European Public AI Contracts
Public bodies in the European countries tracked awarded $3.66B in AI-related contracts over 2013–2024, a third of it in 2024 alone. The United Kingdom accounted for $1.59B, 44% of the total, and awarded the most contracts, 738, ahead of Germany's 611.
European Public AI Contracts$3.66BCumulative value of AI-related public contracts in the European countries tracked, 2013–2024European public bodies awarded $3.66B in AI contracts in 2013–2024; the UK accounted for $1.59BChart · CSVView →
European Public AI Contracts738Public AI-related contracts awarded in the UK, 2013–2024, ahead of Germany (611)The UK awarded 738 public AI contracts in 2013–2024, the most of the European countries trackedChart · CSVView →
European Public AI Contracts5.9×Denmark's median public AI contract ($1.07M) relative to the UK's ($0.18M), 2013–2024Denmark's median public AI contract was worth $1.07M, about six times the UK's $0.18MChart · CSVView →
European Public AI Contracts62.6%Share of European public AI contract value awarded by government bodies, national agencies and public authorities in 2024, down from 71.9% in 2023Government bodies awarded 62.6% of European public AI contract value in 2024; health bodies 13.9%Chart · CSVView →Related hubs
All 13 hubs →About the data: 21 interactive charts from the AI Index Report 2026 (Stanford HAI), using data from Digital Policy Alert, Governing AI for Humanity, United Nations, AI Action Summit and Ferracane et al.. Each chart page explains what the chart shows, lists its key numbers, cites its source and links to the data as a CSV.