Data sources · 80 sources · 316 charts
Every number on AI Adoption comes from someone else's work: a research lab, a survey, a government agency. Here is whose, how we credit it, and the terms each one comes with.
Main source
Stanford AI Index 2026
Sources
80 in 6 groups
Open data
11 sources
Watched weekly
8 sources
Last reviewed
20 Oct 2026
Every chart, by where its data comes from
316 squares · one per chart · hover to see it, click to open ittap to see it, tap again to open it
Terms behind the 80 sources
Open data11Published datasets with an open licence or public-domain terms. We can rebuild and share charts from them.
Free to read59Reports, papers and leaderboards that anyone can read. We quote their figures and credit them.
Proprietary10Paid or private datasets. We use only the figures the AI Index published.
Our main source

Stanford HAI AI Index Report 2026

Stanford HAI's annual report brings together data from research groups, companies, pollsters and governments. We redraw each chart from its published data files and credit the organisation that collected the data. We do not copy the report's chart images or text.
Read the report
Show the full citation
Sha Sajadieh, Loredana Fattorini, Raymond Perrault, Yolanda Gil, Vanessa Parli, Lapo Santarlasci, Juan Pava, Nestor Maslej, Russ Altman, Erik Brynjolfsson, Carla Brodley, Jack Clark, Virginia Dignum, Vipin Kumar, James Landay, Terah Lyons, James Manyika, Juan Carlos Niebles, Yoav Shoham, Elham Tabassi, Russell Wald, Toby Walsh, Dan Weld. “The AI Index 2026 Annual Report,” AI Index Steering Committee, Institute for Human-Centered AI, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, April 2026. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2606.15708
Charts
301 of 316
Updates
Annual (April)

How we credit sources

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We name the source
Every chart names who collected the data, the year, and the AI Index figure it comes from.
Source: Baidu, 2025, via the AI Index Report 2026 (Stanford HAI), figure 2.7.7. Chart and text by AI Adoption.
We redraw, never copy
We draw every chart ourselves from the published numbers. When we rebuild one from a source's own data, the chart links that dataset, states its licence and gives the download date.
We open the data
Each chart page links to its data as a CSV file and gives a citation you can copy. Licences stay with each source: open data can be reused on its licence's terms; other figures are quoted for reference.
Showing all 80 sources
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01

Data partners

Organisations that collect and maintain the datasets the AI Index draws on.
Independent research group's open databases of notable AI models, training compute, AI hardware, data centres, supercomputers and benchmark results.
Open data · CC BY 4.0Rebuilt from sourceChecked weeklyUpdates: continuous
27 charts
Open data under CC BY 4.0. 15 of these charts are rebuilt from the source's own data; the rest use figures published in the AI Index 2026.
See the 27 charts
    McKinsey & Company (QuantumBlack, AI by McKinsey)
    Annual online survey of business leaders on how organisations adopt AI, manage its risks and see results; 1,993 respondents in 105 countries in 2025.
    ProprietaryUpdates: annual
    19 charts
    Proprietary data, not public. We use the figures as published in the AI Index Report 2026.
    See the 19 charts
      Commercial market-intelligence platform whose company and funding data (from Capital IQ and Crunchbase) underpin the AI Index's private-investment figures.
      ProprietaryUpdates: continuous
      15 charts
      Proprietary data, not public. We use the figures as published in the AI Index Report 2026.
      See the 15 charts
        Labour-market analytics firm that collects online job postings from over 51,000 sites and tags them with a taxonomy of more than 33,000 skills.
        ProprietaryUpdates: continuous
        13 charts
        Proprietary data, not public. We use the figures as published in the AI Index Report 2026.
        See the 13 charts
          Annual report on access to, and enrolment in, computer science in US public high schools, with AP computer science exam data from the College Board.
          Free to readUpdates: annual
          12 charts
          Free to read. We use the figures as published in the AI Index Report 2026.
          See the 12 charts
            LinkedIn's research unit, which turns anonymised, aggregated member profiles into measures of AI talent, hiring, skills and migration by country.
            ProprietaryUpdates: continuous
            11 charts
            Proprietary data, not public. We use the figures as published in the AI Index Report 2026.
            See the 11 charts
              Talent-intelligence company tracking about 658,000 top AI researchers and inventors outside China across 21 countries, 2010–2025.
              Proprietary
              8 charts
              Proprietary data, not public. We use the figures as published in the AI Index Report 2026.
              See the 8 charts
                International Federation of Robotics (IFR)
                Industry body's annual statistics on industrial and service robot installations and operational stock worldwide.
                ProprietaryUpdates: annual
                7 charts
                Proprietary data, not public. We use the figures as published in the AI Index Report 2026.
                See the 7 charts
                  GitHub (with Harvard Business School and Microsoft Research)
                  GitHub's count of public AI repositories and their stars, mapped to countries by the owners' IP-address locations.
                  Proprietary
                  5 charts
                  Proprietary data, not public. We use the figures as published in the AI Index Report 2026.
                  See the 5 charts
                    Hugging Face (hub-stats dataset maintained by Caleb Fahlgren)
                    Regularly refreshed snapshot of public models and datasets on the Hugging Face Hub, used for counts of models and datasets over time.
                    Open data · Apache-2.0Checked weeklyUpdates: continuous
                    3 charts
                    Open data under Apache-2.0. We use the figures as published in the AI Index Report 2026.
                    See the 3 charts
                      Commercial directory of data centres, cloud and network providers, used for counts of data centres by country.
                      ProprietaryUpdates: continuous
                      2 charts
                      Proprietary data, not public. We use the figures as published in the AI Index Report 2026.
                      See the 2 charts
                        Digital Policy Alert (St. Gallen Endowment for Prosperity through Trade)
                        Independent tracker of digital-economy policy; its automated pipeline identified AI laws passed in G20 countries for the AI Index.
                        ProprietaryUpdates: continuous
                        2 charts
                        Proprietary data, not public. We use the figures as published in the AI Index Report 2026.
                        See the 2 charts
                          Washington think tank that supplied the AI Index with data on AI application funding by country and application area.
                          Proprietary
                          1 chart
                          Proprietary data, not public. We use the figures as published in the AI Index Report 2026.
                          See the 1 chart
                            02

                            Surveys and polls

                            Polls of the public, workers, students and business leaders. Each chart states who was asked and when.
                            Annual online survey of adults in around 30 countries on how they feel about AI products, jobs, trust and regulation.
                            Free to readUpdates: annual
                            9 charts
                            Free to read. We use the figures as published in the AI Index Report 2026.
                            See the 9 charts
                              Nonpartisan polling of US adults, AI experts and publics abroad on AI's effects on society, jobs and trust in regulators.
                              Free to readUpdates: irregular
                              6 charts
                              Free to read. We use the figures as published in the AI Index Report 2026.
                              See the 6 charts
                                Computing Research Association (CRA)
                                Annual survey of PhD-granting computing departments in the US and Canada on degrees, enrolment, faculty and new PhDs' employment.
                                Free to readUpdates: annual
                                4 charts
                                Free to read. We use the figures as published in the AI Index Report 2026.
                                See the 4 charts
                                  The Civic Health and Institutions Project (CHIP50), with the COVID States Project
                                  Large 50-state US survey on AI use, expected job impact and support for federal AI regulation, reported by state.
                                  Free to readUpdates: periodic
                                  3 charts
                                  Free to read. We use the figures as published in the AI Index Report 2026.
                                  See the 3 charts
                                    Chegg.org (Chegg, Inc.)
                                    Online survey of university students in many countries on study habits, wellbeing and use of generative AI for coursework.
                                    Free to readUpdates: periodic
                                    2 charts
                                    Free to read. We use the figures as published in the AI Index Report 2026.
                                    See the 2 charts
                                      Multi-country survey of adults, commissioned by Google, on AI use, jobs, companionship and regulation priorities.
                                      Free to readUpdates: irregular
                                      2 charts
                                      Free to read. We use the figures as published in the AI Index Report 2026.
                                      See the 2 charts
                                        Imagining the Digital Future Center, Elon University (Rainie and Anderson)
                                        US public opinion survey, compared with an expert canvass, on how AI may change human capacities such as empathy and critical thinking by 2035.
                                        Free to readUpdates: one-off report
                                        1 chart
                                        Free to read. We use the figures as published in the AI Index Report 2026.
                                        See the 1 chart
                                          03

                                          Official statistics

                                          Governments, regulators and international organisations.
                                          US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
                                          FDA's public list of AI-enabled medical devices authorised for marketing in the United States, with decision dates, specialties and companies.
                                          Open dataChecked weeklyUpdates: periodic
                                          5 charts
                                          Public data; no licence stated. We use the figures as published in the AI Index Report 2026.
                                          See the 5 charts
                                            International Energy Agency (IEA)
                                            IEA special report on electricity demand from data centres and AI, and on AI's uses in the energy sector.
                                            Free to readUpdates: one-off report
                                            1 chart
                                            Free to read; published under CC BY 4.0. We use the figures as published in the AI Index Report 2026.
                                            See the 1 chart
                                              OECD.AI Policy Observatory
                                              OECD tool that detects and classifies AI incidents and hazards reported in global news media, using Event Registry news data.
                                              Free to readUpdates: continuous
                                              1 chart
                                              Free to read. We use the figures as published in the AI Index Report 2026.
                                              See the 1 chart
                                                04

                                                Company figures

                                                Figures companies publish about their own products and users. They are not independent measurements.
                                                Anthropic's privacy-preserving analysis of how people use Claude, by occupation, task and country, including automation versus augmentation.
                                                Open dataChecked weeklyUpdates: irregular
                                                2 charts
                                                Public data; no licence stated. We use the figures as published in the AI Index Report 2026.
                                                See the 2 charts
                                                  Waymo's own comparison of crash rates for its driverless rides against human-driver benchmarks for the same miles and areas.
                                                  Free to readUpdates: periodic
                                                  2 charts
                                                  Free to read. We use the figures as published in the AI Index Report 2026.
                                                  See the 2 charts
                                                    Baidu's investor-relations releases, which report fully driverless rides provided by its Apollo Go robotaxi service.
                                                    Free to readUpdates: quarterly
                                                    1 chart
                                                    Free to read. We use the figures as published in the AI Index Report 2026.
                                                    See the 1 chart
                                                      SEO firm's analysis estimating the share of new English-language web articles written by AI versus humans since 2020.
                                                      Free to readUpdates: one-off study
                                                      1 chart
                                                      Free to read. We use the figures as published in the AI Index Report 2026.
                                                      See the 1 chart
                                                        Microsoft estimate of the share of each country's working-age population using AI, built from anonymised Microsoft usage data.
                                                        Free to readUpdates: periodic
                                                        1 chart
                                                        Free to read. We use the figures as published in the AI Index Report 2026.
                                                        See the 1 chart
                                                          05

                                                          Benchmarks and leaderboards

                                                          Tests that score AI models. Scores depend on the test, the date and how each model was run, so each chart names both.
                                                          Company that runs its own evaluations of AI models on finance, legal, tax, coding and academic benchmarks.
                                                          Free to readUpdates: continuous
                                                          8 charts
                                                          Free to read. We use the figures as published in the AI Index Report 2026.
                                                          See the 8 charts
                                                            Independent company that benchmarks AI models on intelligence, hallucination, price, speed and openness.
                                                            Free to readUpdates: continuous
                                                            2 charts
                                                            Free to read. We use the figures as published in the AI Index Report 2026.
                                                            See the 2 charts
                                                              Video-MMMU team (Hu et al.)
                                                              Benchmark testing whether multimodal models can learn new knowledge from professional lecture videos.
                                                              Free to readUpdates: continuous
                                                              2 charts
                                                              Free to read. We use the figures as published in the AI Index Report 2026.
                                                              See the 2 charts
                                                                Open protein-design competition in which AI-designed binders to a Nipah virus protein were made and lab-tested.
                                                                Free to readUpdates: one-off competition
                                                                1 chart
                                                                Free to read. We use the figures as published in the AI Index Report 2026.
                                                                See the 1 chart
                                                                  ARC Prize Foundation
                                                                  Puzzle benchmark of abstract visual reasoning that is easy for people and hard for AI, with cost per task.
                                                                  Free to readUpdates: continuous
                                                                  1 chart
                                                                  Free to read. We use the figures as published in the AI Index Report 2026.
                                                                  See the 1 chart
                                                                    Allen Institute for AI (Ai2)
                                                                    Ai2's suite testing AI agents on scientific research tasks such as literature search, coding and data analysis.
                                                                    Free to readUpdates: continuous
                                                                    1 chart
                                                                    Free to read. We use the figures as published in the AI Index Report 2026.
                                                                    See the 1 chart
                                                                      Stanford Vision and Learning Lab
                                                                      Robotics challenge scoring household-task success in simulation on the BEHAVIOR-1K benchmark.
                                                                      Free to readUpdates: annual challenge
                                                                      1 chart
                                                                      Free to read. We use the figures as published in the AI Index Report 2026.
                                                                      See the 1 chart
                                                                        UC Berkeley, Gorilla project
                                                                        Leaderboard testing how accurately models call tools and APIs, including multi-step and multi-turn calls.
                                                                        Free to readUpdates: continuous
                                                                        1 chart
                                                                        Free to read. We use the figures as published in the AI Index Report 2026.
                                                                        See the 1 chart
                                                                          Alek Safar and Oleg Chichigin
                                                                          Benchmark testing whether AI models can read analogue clocks, a task trivial for people.
                                                                          Free to readUpdates: continuous
                                                                          1 chart
                                                                          Free to read. We use the figures as published in the AI Index Report 2026.
                                                                          See the 1 chart
                                                                            Stanford University (Zhang et al.)
                                                                            Benchmark of professional capture-the-flag cybersecurity tasks for language-model agents.
                                                                            Free to readUpdates: continuous
                                                                            1 chart
                                                                            Free to read. We use the figures as published in the AI Index Report 2026.
                                                                            See the 1 chart
                                                                              Princeton HAL team; GAIA benchmark by Mialon et al. (Meta, Hugging Face)
                                                                              Leaderboard for GAIA, a benchmark of real-world questions that require AI assistants to browse, use tools and reason.
                                                                              Free to readUpdates: continuous
                                                                              1 chart
                                                                              Free to read. We use the figures as published in the AI Index Report 2026.
                                                                              See the 1 chart
                                                                                Stanford CRFM (Center for Research on Foundation Models) with Arabic.AI
                                                                                Stanford's Holistic Evaluation of Language Models extended to seven Arabic-language benchmarks.
                                                                                Free to readUpdates: continuous
                                                                                1 chart
                                                                                Free to read. We use the figures as published in the AI Index Report 2026.
                                                                                See the 1 chart
                                                                                  Google DeepMind (Luong et al.)
                                                                                  Google DeepMind benchmark grading AI-written proofs to olympiad-level maths problems.
                                                                                  Free to readUpdates: continuous
                                                                                  1 chart
                                                                                  Free to read. We use the figures as published in the AI Index Report 2026.
                                                                                  See the 1 chart
                                                                                    AI4Bharat (IIT Madras)
                                                                                    Crowd-voting leaderboard comparing chatbots in Indian languages.
                                                                                    Free to readUpdates: continuous
                                                                                    1 chart
                                                                                    Free to read. We use the figures as published in the AI Index Report 2026.
                                                                                    See the 1 chart
                                                                                      MathArena (ETH Zurich SRI Lab; Balunović et al.)
                                                                                      Evaluates models on new maths competitions held after their training, to avoid contamination.
                                                                                      Free to readUpdates: continuous
                                                                                      1 chart
                                                                                      Free to read. We use the figures as published in the AI Index Report 2026.
                                                                                      See the 1 chart
                                                                                        OpenAI benchmark built from Kaggle competitions, testing AI agents on machine learning engineering work.
                                                                                        Free to readUpdates: continuous
                                                                                        1 chart
                                                                                        Free to read. We use the figures as published in the AI Index Report 2026.
                                                                                        See the 1 chart
                                                                                          TIGER-Lab (University of Waterloo)
                                                                                          Harder successor to the MMLU general-knowledge benchmark, with more answer options and more reasoning-heavy questions.
                                                                                          Free to readUpdates: irregular
                                                                                          1 chart
                                                                                          Free to read. We use the figures as published in the AI Index Report 2026.
                                                                                          See the 1 chart
                                                                                            MTEB project (Muennighoff et al.; community maintained)
                                                                                            Leaderboard ranking text-embedding models on retrieval, classification, clustering and other tasks.
                                                                                            Free to readUpdates: continuous
                                                                                            1 chart
                                                                                            Free to read. We use the figures as published in the AI Index Report 2026.
                                                                                            See the 1 chart
                                                                                              OpenGVLab (Shanghai AI Laboratory)
                                                                                              Benchmark of video-understanding tasks for multimodal models, such as recognising actions and their order.
                                                                                              Free to readUpdates: irregular
                                                                                              1 chart
                                                                                              Free to read. We use the figures as published in the AI Index Report 2026.
                                                                                              See the 1 chart
                                                                                                SloBench, Centre for Language Resources and Technologies (CJVT), University of Ljubljana
                                                                                                Leaderboard testing commonsense reasoning in standard Slovene and the Cerkno dialect.
                                                                                                Free to readUpdates: continuous
                                                                                                1 chart
                                                                                                Free to read. We use the figures as published in the AI Index Report 2026.
                                                                                                See the 1 chart
                                                                                                  SWE-bench team (Princeton and Stanford researchers)
                                                                                                  Benchmark testing whether AI systems can fix real GitHub issues in Python projects; 'Verified' is a human-checked subset.
                                                                                                  Free to readUpdates: continuous
                                                                                                  1 chart
                                                                                                  Free to read. We use the figures as published in the AI Index Report 2026.
                                                                                                  See the 1 chart
                                                                                                    Terminal-Bench team (tbench.ai)
                                                                                                    Benchmark of realistic command-line tasks, such as compiling code or setting up servers, for AI agents.
                                                                                                    Free to readUpdates: continuous
                                                                                                    1 chart
                                                                                                    Free to read. We use the figures as published in the AI Index Report 2026.
                                                                                                    See the 1 chart
                                                                                                      Vchitect team (Zheng et al.)
                                                                                                      Benchmark suite scoring video-generation models, with VBench-2.0 testing physics, common sense and faithfulness.
                                                                                                      Free to readUpdates: continuous
                                                                                                      1 chart
                                                                                                      Free to read. We use the figures as published in the AI Index Report 2026.
                                                                                                      See the 1 chart
                                                                                                        Leaderboard measuring how often models add unsupported facts when summarising documents, scored by Vectara's HHEM model.
                                                                                                        Free to readUpdates: continuous
                                                                                                        1 chart
                                                                                                        Free to read. We use the figures as published in the AI Index Report 2026.
                                                                                                        See the 1 chart
                                                                                                          Human-aligned benchmark for judging the quality of AI-generated video.
                                                                                                          Free to readUpdates: irregular
                                                                                                          1 chart
                                                                                                          Free to read. We use the figures as published in the AI Index Report 2026.
                                                                                                          See the 1 chart
                                                                                                            WebArena team, Carnegie Mellon University (Zhou et al.)
                                                                                                            Benchmark of realistic website tasks, such as shopping or forum admin, for autonomous web agents.
                                                                                                            Free to readUpdates: continuous
                                                                                                            1 chart
                                                                                                            Free to read. We use the figures as published in the AI Index Report 2026.
                                                                                                            See the 1 chart
                                                                                                              Benchmark of AI agents talking to simulated customers and following company policy in retail, airline and telecom tasks.
                                                                                                              Free to readUpdates: continuous
                                                                                                              1 chart
                                                                                                              Free to read. We use the figures as published in the AI Index Report 2026.
                                                                                                              See the 1 chart
                                                                                                                06

                                                                                                                Research papers and studies

                                                                                                                Academic papers and research groups. Each entry links to the paper or study.
                                                                                                                RAISE Health (Stanford Medicine and Stanford HAI)
                                                                                                                Joint Stanford Medicine and HAI initiative on responsible AI in biomedicine; it compiled the AI Index medicine chapter's literature and model counts.
                                                                                                                Free to read
                                                                                                                21 charts
                                                                                                                Free to read. We use the figures as published in the AI Index Report 2026.
                                                                                                                See the 21 charts
                                                                                                                  Working paper using ADP payroll records to show falling employment for workers aged 22–25 in AI-exposed jobs such as software development.
                                                                                                                  Free to readUpdates: one-off paper
                                                                                                                  3 charts
                                                                                                                  Free to read. We use the figures as published in the AI Index Report 2026.
                                                                                                                  See the 3 charts
                                                                                                                    Rohit Saxena, Aryo Pradipta Gema, Pasquale Minervini (University of Edinburgh)
                                                                                                                    Benchmark paper testing whether multimodal AI models can read analogue clocks and answer calendar questions (ClockQA, CalendarQA).
                                                                                                                    Free to readUpdates: one-off paper
                                                                                                                    2 charts
                                                                                                                    Free to read; published under CC BY 4.0. We use the figures as published in the AI Index Report 2026.
                                                                                                                    See the 2 charts
                                                                                                                      Martina Francesca Ferracane, Simón González, Tomás Rogaler Wilson; European University Institute, Digital Trade Integration project
                                                                                                                      Dataset of 331 data localisation rules in 155 countries to December 2024, classed as local storage, local processing or conditional regimes.
                                                                                                                      Open data · CC BY 4.0Updates: one-off dataset
                                                                                                                      1 chart
                                                                                                                      Open data under CC BY 4.0. We use the figures as published in the AI Index Report 2026.
                                                                                                                      See the 1 chart
                                                                                                                        Center for AI Safety, Scale AI and co-authors (Phan, Gatti, Li et al.)
                                                                                                                        Benchmark of expert-written questions across many academic fields, designed to stay hard for frontier AI models.
                                                                                                                        Free to readUpdates: continuous
                                                                                                                        1 chart
                                                                                                                        Free to read. We use the figures as published in the AI Index Report 2026.
                                                                                                                        See the 1 chart
                                                                                                                          The Project on Workforce at Harvard (Bick, Blandin and Deming, Real-Time Population Survey)
                                                                                                                          Tracker of US generative AI adoption from the Real-Time Population Survey, compared with the early spread of PCs and the internet.
                                                                                                                          Free to readUpdates: periodic
                                                                                                                          1 chart
                                                                                                                          Free to read. We use the figures as published in the AI Index Report 2026.
                                                                                                                          See the 1 chart
                                                                                                                            Chengzhong Ye, Gonzalo Benegas, Carlos Albors, Jianan Canal Li, Sebastian Prillo, Peter D. Fields, Brian Clarke, Yun S. Song
                                                                                                                            bioRxiv preprint introducing GPN-Star, a genomic language model, and comparing it with Enformer, Borzoi and Evo 2.
                                                                                                                            Free to readUpdates: one-off paper
                                                                                                                            1 chart
                                                                                                                            Free to read; published under CC BY-NC-ND 4.0. We use the figures as published in the AI Index Report 2026.
                                                                                                                            See the 1 chart
                                                                                                                              Benchmark of 23 multi-step robot tasks with electrical, fire and human hazards, scoring whether models finish tasks safely.
                                                                                                                              Free to readUpdates: one-off paper
                                                                                                                              1 chart
                                                                                                                              Free to read. We use the figures as published in the AI Index Report 2026.
                                                                                                                              See the 1 chart
                                                                                                                                Corrections

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                                                                                                                                Tell us and we will fix it, usually within a working day. Last reviewed 20 Oct 2026; the sources we rebuild from are checked every week.
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