19.9%
#1 of 21
Share of South Korea's top AI authors and inventors who specialise in hardware, VLSI and IoT, the highest share of any area in any country
What the chart shows
Each country spreads its AI talent across many areas, with no single area above 20%. The largest concentration is South Korea’s 19.9% in hardware, VLSI and IoT; hardware is also the top area in Japan (14.0%) and Singapore (14.8%).
Healthcare and bioinformatics is the largest area in eight countries, including the US (13.3%) and the UK (14.4%). Software engineering leads in six, with Brazil highest at 17.6%. Security and privacy leads in Saudi Arabia (14.9%) and the UAE (12.1%), and machine learning algorithms in Israel (14.1%).
Key numbers
| Measure | Value |
|---|---|
| South Korea, hardware and IoT | 19.9% |
| Brazil, software and networks | 17.6% |
| Saudi Arabia, security and privacy | 14.9% |
| United Kingdom, healthcare | 14.4% |
| Israel, ML algorithms | 14.1% |
| United States, healthcare | 13.3% |
How to read it
- Each row shows how one country’s top AI authors and inventors divide across 14 specialisation areas; rows add up to 100%. Countries are ordered by total number of AI authors and inventors.
- Specialisation areas are assigned by Zeki. The AI Index does not state the year; the data covers the current pool.
- China is not covered by Zeki’s data.
Source: Zeki Data, 2025, via the AI Index Report 2026 (Stanford HAI), figure 1.8.5: Within-country distribution of top AI authors and inventors across specialization areas. Chart and text by AI Adoption.
Numbers checked against the published data on 19 October 2026.
Download the data (CSV) · Cite this chart
Numbers checked against the published data on 19 October 2026.
Download the data (CSV) · Cite this chart
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