−7.1
Canada's net flow of top AI authors and inventors in September 2025, the largest outflow outside India; it peaked at +50.6 in February 2020

What the chart shows

Among the 19 other countries tracked, net flows in 2025 are within ±8. The United Kingdom has the largest net inflow (+5.2), followed by Saudi Arabia (+3.1), Spain and the UAE (+2.6 each) and Denmark (+2.1).

Canada has the largest net outflow (−7.1), a reversal from a peak net inflow of 50.6 in February 2020. Brazil (−3.6), Singapore (−2.6) and Germany (−2.4) also lose more top AI talent than they gain.

Key numbers

MeasureValue
United Kingdom+5.2
Saudi Arabia (Mar 2025)+3.1
Denmark+2.1
Germany−2.4
Brazil (Aug 2025)−3.6
Canada−7.1

How to read it

  • Net flow is the number moving into a country minus those moving out, as a 12-month rolling average. Each bar is the latest month available: September 2025 for most countries, earlier for some (Saudi Arabia March 2025, Australia and Israel July 2025, Brazil, Finland and Singapore August 2025).
  • The AI Index text names Saudi Arabia and Denmark among the few countries with a positive net flow; the UK (+5.2), Spain and the UAE (+2.6 each) were also positive.
  • The US (+26.0) and India (−16.9) are left out here because their flows are much larger; see the companion chart.
Source: Zeki Data, 2025, via the AI Index Report 2026 (Stanford HAI), figure 1.8.6: Net flow of top AI authors and inventors by country, 2010–25. Chart and text by AI Adoption.
Numbers checked against the published data on 19 October 2026.
Download the data (CSV) · Cite this chart