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AI in Spain

How far Spain has come on AI, and how complete its AI rulebook is: two scores, six lenses, every law linked to its official text.
45.1% of people aged 15–64 used a generative AI product in Q2 2026, up from 39.7% in H1 2025; #6 of the 147 economies Microsoft tracks. Its strongest lens is Adoption (#5 of 40) and its weakest Research (#24). On AI law: the eu AI act applies directly; national law names the regulators and sets national penalties.
Follow SpainAI law in Spain
#15 of 40 on Progress88/100 Rulebook5 verified laws and rulesChecked 21 Oct 2026
In the Record’s memory3 dated events since January 2023, by month and kind. Darker means busier; choose a square to see those events.
See all 3 in the ledger →
Laws and rules3

Spain through six lenses

How the scores work →
The same six lenses, in the same order, on every country page. Each shows its lead number, the rank among the countries the source covers, and every indicator behind the lens score. 12 of 17 indicators measure Spain.
01Adoption#5 of 40
How widely are people and firms using AI?
45.1%
share of people aged 15–64 who used generative AI, Q2 2026
H1 2025Q2 2026
Lens score58
03Research#24 of 40
Does it build AI and its science?
1
notable AI models, 2003–2025
Lens score11
05Infrastructure#8 of 40
Does it have the machines?
4,480
H100-equivalents of known AI supercomputer capacity in operation, Oct 2026
Lens score44

AI law in Spain

How to check a law →

The EU AI Act applies directly; Spain's organic AI governance bill, which designates AESIA and sets fines up to EUR 35m, remains in the Congress committee stage.

EU AI Act, plus national lawThe EU AI Act applies directly; national law names the regulators and sets national penalties.
The EU AI Act applies here directly. Risk tiers. Prohibitions and AI literacy apply from 2 Feb 2025; GPAI obligations, governance and penalty rules from 2 Aug 2025; Art. 50 transparency and Commission GPAI enforcement powers from 2 Aug 2026; high-risk dates as amended by Regulation 2026/1744 (Annex III 2 Dec 2027, Annex I 2 Aug 2028). Amended by Regulation (EU) 2026/1744 of 8 July 2026 amending Regulations (EU)…. EU rules and dates →
  1. In forceStrategy · not bindingAdopted 14 May 2024

    Estrategia de Inteligencia Artificial 2024

    Three axes and eight levers for 2024-2025 with EUR 1.5bn on top of EUR 600m already mobilised; supercomputing, the ALIA Spanish-language model, and a central role for AESIA.

    Official text Independent check Confidence: high
  2. In forceRegulation · bindingAdopted 8 Nov 2023

    Real Decreto 817/2023 establishing a controlled testing environment (sandbox) for the AI Regulation

    First AI Act regulatory sandbox, run with the European Commission, to test high-risk requirements and produce compliance guidance.

    Official text Independent check Confidence: medium
  3. In forceRegulation · bindingAdopted 22 Aug 2023

    Real Decreto 729/2023 approving the Statute of AESIA

    Creates AESIA, attached to the Secretariat of State for Digitalisation and AI, as Spain's AI supervisory body; first such national agency in the EU.

    Official text Independent check Confidence: medium
  4. Bill before parliamentBill · not binding

    Proyecto de Ley Orgánica para el buen uso y la gobernanza de la inteligencia artificial (121/000096)

    Adapts the AI Act to Spanish law: designates AESIA as main market-surveillance authority and single point of contact, with AEPD and CGPJ; sanctions regime including for unlabelled AI-generated content; public-sector AI register; public administrations exempt from fines. Approved by Council of Ministers 26 May 2026, filed 28 May 2026, in Economy, Trade and Digital Transformation committee; amendment deadline extended to at least 7 Oct 2026.

    Penalty up to EUR 35m or 7% of worldwide turnover (most serious); lightest tier up to EUR 500,000 or 0.5%
    Official text Independent check Confidence: medium
  5. Bill before parliamentBill · not binding

    Proyecto de Ley Orgánica de protección civil de los derechos al honor, a la intimidad personal y familiar y a la propia imagen

    Would replace Organic Law 1/1982; makes unauthorised AI use of a person's image or voice (deepfakes), including for commercial purposes, an unlawful interference (civil, not criminal); satire exception for public figures if AI use is disclosed; minimum age 16 to consent. Draft Jan 2026; approved as bill by Council of Ministers 7 Jul 2026.

    Official text Independent check Confidence: medium

The Rulebook score, line by line

What each line means →
88 of 100. Each line names the law or body that earns its points.
  1. Binding AI rulesAn AI law with enforceable duties on companies applies now · AI Act35/35
  2. A national AI strategy, adopted or updated since 2022Estrategia de Inteligencia Artificial 20248/8
  3. A body named to oversee or enforce AI rulesReal Decreto 729/2023 approving the Statute of AESIA6/6
  4. An AI safety or evaluation instituteNone found0/6
  5. A right to challenge automated decisions, in forceRegulation (EU) 2016/679 (GDPR), Article 22 on automated individual…12/12
  6. Rules on AI-generated content: labels or deepfake offences, in forceAI Act13/13
  7. International AI governance initiatives endorsed (of 8)6 of 8. Source: AI governance initiatives by country9/12
  8. Council of Europe AI Convention: signed 5, ratified 8Through the EU5/8

The record

What gets an entry →
Every dated step: laws adopted and coming into force, and each reading of AI use. Newest first; future dates are marked.
  1. 30 Jun 2026AdoptionAI user share reached 45.1%, from 44.2% in Q1 2026Share of people aged 15–64 who used a generative AI product, Q2 2026.Independent estimateSource →
  2. 31 Mar 2026AdoptionAI user share reached 44.2%, from 41.8% in H2 2025Share of people aged 15–64 who used a generative AI product, Q1 2026.Independent estimateSource →
  3. 31 Dec 2025AdoptionAI user share reached 41.8%, from 39.7% in H1 2025Share of people aged 15–64 who used a generative AI product, H2 2025.Independent estimateSource →
  4. 14 May 2024LawsEstrategia de Inteligencia Artificial 2024 adoptedThree axes and eight levers for 2024-2025 with EUR 1.5bn on top of EUR 600m already mobilised; supercomputing, the ALIA Spanish-language model, and a central role for AESIA.Official sourceSource →
  5. 8 Nov 2023LawsReal Decreto 817/2023 establishing a controlled testing environment… adoptedFirst AI Act regulatory sandbox, run with the European Commission, to test high-risk requirements and produce compliance guidance.Official sourceSource →
  6. 22 Aug 2023LawsReal Decreto 729/2023 approving the Statute of AESIA adoptedCreates AESIA, attached to the Secretariat of State for Digitalisation and AI, as Spain's AI supervisory body; first such national agency in the EU.Official sourceSource →

How people in Spain see AI

Public opinion on AI →
Survey results, not scored. They show the mood that new AI rules land in.
53%say AI products have more benefits than drawbacks, 2025+0 points since 2022Ipsos, 2022–25 →55%trust their government to regulate AI responsibly2025Ipsos →53%of employees say they trust AI at work50% use itUniversity of Melbourne and KPMG International →

Spain beside its peers

All 40 countries →
The two Progress leaders and the countries nearest to Spain in its region. A dash means no source measures that lens for the country.
MeasureSpainUnited StatesChinaNetherlandsSwedenFinland
Progressfive lenses, 0–10033#1577#174#233#1633#1729#18
Adoptionlens score585656394436
Talentlens score3552—503242
Researchlens score118983283035
Investmentlens score181007418260
Infrastructurelens score448883303233
Rulebook0–100887484858280
AI user shareQ2 2026 · Microsoft45.1%33.0%17.5%43.5%37.3%30.6%
Approach to AI lawEU AI Act, plus national lawState laws, no federal AI statuteBinding rules by use caseEU AI Act, plus national lawEU AI Act, plus national lawEU AI Act, plus national law

More of Europe

Every country →
European Union—Progress97RulebookComprehensive risk-based lawOpen tracker →United Kingdom50Progress54RulebookExisting regulators, no AI statuteOpen tracker →Ireland23Progress86RulebookEU AI Act, plus national lawOpen tracker →Norway21Progress42RulebookAI bill in progressOpen tracker →Sweden33Progress82RulebookEU AI Act, plus national lawOpen tracker →Finland29Progress80RulebookEU AI Act, plus national lawOpen tracker →Denmark24Progress82RulebookEU AI Act, plus national lawOpen tracker →Netherlands33Progress85RulebookEU AI Act, plus national lawOpen tracker →Belgium18Progress79RulebookEU AI Act, plus national lawOpen tracker →Germany54Progress94RulebookEU AI Act, plus national lawOpen tracker →Poland27Progress76RulebookEU AI Act, plus national lawOpen tracker →France45Progress94RulebookEU AI Act, plus national lawOpen tracker →Switzerland40Progress32RulebookExisting regulators, no AI statuteOpen tracker →Italy27Progress91RulebookEU AI Act, plus national lawOpen tracker →

Check AI-law news yourself

All our data sources →
Every law on these pages links to its official text and to an independent check. These are the registers and trackers we use, with what each is good for. A headline about a new AI law is real when the official register shows it.
Official registers8
Law and policy trackers4
  • OECD.AI Policy Navigator (formerly National AI Policies & Strategies database; GAIIN)OECDNational AI policy initiatives (strategies, governance bodies, funding, regulation) by jurisdictionUse it for Use as primary verification source for 'national AI strategy exists / date' and governance bodies; link each country page to its OECD.AI country profile
  • IAPP Global AI Law and Policy TrackerIAPP (International Association of Privacy Professionals)AI laws, policies, national strategies and responsible authorities per jurisdictionUse it for Cite as a secondary legal cross-check; link out; do not reproduce
  • Council of Europe Framework Convention (CETS 225) treaty chartCouncil of Europe Treaty Office · Live chart (see coe_convention block)Signature and ratification status of the first binding international AI treatyUse it for Primary source for a 'CoE AI Convention: signed / ratified' field per country
  • Digital Policy AlertDigital Policy Alert (St.Gallen Endowment for Prosperity through Trade) · ContinuousEvent-level tracker of digital policy changes incl. AI rules, by jurisdictionUse it for Use as verification source for law-stage changes; model aiadoption.org's country timeline on its event structure
Country indices11
  • Stanford HAI AI Index Report + Global AI Vibrancy ToolStanford Institute for Human-Centered AIAnnual state-of-AI report; Vibrancy Tool ranks national AI ecosystems (R&D, economy, policy, talent, infrastructure, public opinion, etc.)Use it for Reuse individual underlying indicators (with attribution) rather than the composite; link to Vibrancy Tool for each covered country
  • Tortoise Global AI IndexTortoise MediaNational AI capacity: investment, innovation, implementationUse it for Link out and quote rank with attribution only; do not reuse scores
  • Oxford Insights Government AI Readiness Index 2025Oxford InsightsWhether governments can harness AI for the public goodUse it for Cite as a verification source for governance/policy-capacity; reuse rank with attribution for countries lacking other data
  • Microsoft Global AI Diffusion Report (AI user share)Microsoft (AI Economy Institute / On the Issues)AI user share: % of working-age population (15-64) using generative AI products in the periodUse it for Reuse the per-country AI user share as the core 'adoption' metric with attribution and vintage label; flag method breaks
  • IMF AI Preparedness Index (AIPI)International Monetary Fund · June 2024 (released 25 June 2024); no later update foundMacro-structural readiness to adopt AIUse it for Use as background 'structural readiness' component only; label vintage 2024
  • Global Index on Responsible AI (GIRAI)Global Center on AI GovernanceGovernment commitments and implementation evidence for responsible AIUse it for Cite as verification source for responsible-AI governance; adopt its framework-vs-implementation distinction in aiadoption.org's law status pills
  • AI Safety / Security Institutes network (NAAIMES)Member governments; UK AI Security Institute as coordinatorMembership of the international network of AI safety/evaluation institutesUse it for Field 'has national AI evaluation institute (year)' per country; see safety_institutes block
  • Carnegie Endowment (AI governance research, e.g. China AI safety institute work)Carnegie Endowment for International Peace · Ongoing researchQualitative country analysis of AI governanceUse it for Cite for country narrative paragraphs
  • Brookings: How are countries evaluating AI models?Brookings Institution · Article (date not confirmed)Comparative analysis of national AI evaluation institutesUse it for Cite in safety-institute methodology notes
  • Anthropic Economic Index - geographic report (Anthropic AI Usage Index)AnthropicClaude usage per capita relative to working-age population by country (AUI), plus task mixUse it for Use as secondary adoption metric beside Microsoft; triangulate, never sole sourceLink not yet opened by us
  • Epoch AI dataEpoch AI · ContinuousNotable models, training compute, GPU clusters/data centres by countryUse it for Reuse 'notable models by country' and 'AI supercomputers by country' with attributionLink not yet opened by us
Research and safety4
  • CSET (Center for Security and Emerging Technology)Georgetown University · OngoingData-driven research on AI talent, investment, compute, policy (incl. ETO tools such as AGORA AI governance document set)Use it for Cite AGORA for law-text links; reuse open datasets with attributionLink not yet opened by us
  • International AI Safety ReportExpert panel chaired by Yoshua Bengio, UK-backed secretariat · 2026 edition expected/early 2026 (not verified)Scientific synthesis of general-purpose AI capabilities and risksUse it for Cite in methodology for why safety institutes/evaluation capacity are scored; list which countries sit on the panelLink not yet opened by us
  • Our World in Data - Artificial IntelligenceOur World in Data (Global Change Data Lab) · ContinuousCharts republishing AI data (investment, models, patents, public opinion) by countryUse it for Model chart UX on OWID; reuse CC BY datasets with attributionLink not yet opened by us
  • Artificial AnalysisArtificial Analysis · ContinuousModel benchmarks, price and speed; includes model origin by countryUse it for Use for 'frontier models produced by country' cross-check; citeLink not yet opened by us

How the scores work

Two scores, never added together. Download every score and indicator (CSV).

Progress, 0–100

  1. Five lenses, same for everyone. Adoption, Talent, Research, Investment and Infrastructure. Each lens is the average of its indicators; Progress is the average of the lenses.
  2. Only published numbers. Each indicator is a chart on AI Adoption with its source and CSV, or a public dataset linked on the page (Microsoft AI Diffusion, Epoch AI GPU Clusters).
  3. Scaled so outliers do not swamp the rest. Money, models and compute use a log scale on which the leader scores 100; shares and rates use the range of countries the source covers.
  4. Gaps stay gaps. A source that does not cover a country leaves a dash, never a guess. A country below a source's top-15 list scores 0 on that indicator, and the page says so. The coverage flag shows how many of the 17 indicators measure the country.

Rulebook, 0–100

How complete and binding a country's AI rules are. It does not grade whether the rules are good, strict or lenient. Points come only from laws we have verified against an official source.

Binding AI rulesup to 35
  • An AI law with enforceable duties on companies applies now35
  • Enforceable rules on AI systems apply, but only in part of the country26
  • An AI law with enforceable duties is enacted; its duties start later26
  • A national AI law is in force, but it sets no penalties for companies20
  • An AI bill or official draft is before the legislature or out for consultation10
  • No AI-specific law, bill or official draft0
Institutions, safeguards, international65
  • A national AI strategy, adopted or updated since 20228
  • A body named to oversee or enforce AI rules6
  • An AI safety or evaluation institute6
  • A right to challenge automated decisions, in force12
  • Rules on AI-generated content: labels or deepfake offences, in force13
  • International AI governance initiatives endorsed (of 8)12
  • Council of Europe AI Convention: signed 5, ratified 88
Disclosure: AI Adoption uses AI tools in its research and editorial work. No government, company or lobby group has any say in a country's scores or its law register, and the same rules apply to every country. Editorial standards · Data sources · Corrections
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